Definition of administration: proposed by authors, scholars and thinkers (2023)

Everything you need to know about the definition of management.Management is a self-contained process of planning, organizing, acting and controlling that is carried out in order to establish and achieve set goals using people and other resources.

Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals working together in groups efficiently achieve selected goals. Management is defined as the process by which a cooperative group aligns actions towards common goals.

Learn about management definitions from eminent authors such as Karl Marx, Mary Parker Follett, Stewart, John F. Mee, R.C. Davis, Prof. A. Dasgupta, E.F.L. Brech, George R. Terry, Stanley Vane, S. George, William Spriegel, Kimball and Kimball, Harold Konntz, Peter F. Drucker, and others.

Definition of management: Suggested by John F. Mee, R.C. Davis, Prof. A. Dasgupta, EFL Brech, George R. Terry and other details

Definition of Management: Provided by Karl Marx, Mary Parker Follett, and Stewart

Management has been defined in many ways. A simple definition is "the activity of using resources efficiently and effectively so that the end product is worth more than the initial resources". This simple definition has the benefit of focusing on management's critical role in converting inputs into higher value outputs.

However, the simple definition has a disadvantage: it is too comprehensive. By this definition, a cud-chewing cow would be an excellent steward because it eats a cheap resource, grass, and converts it into a more valuable commodity, milk. The definition encompasses virtually all adults: a housewife preparing a meal, a homeless man collecting cigarette butts, a student working in a library, and a handyman assembling chocolate boxes, all would qualify as managers.

Such a broad definition is useless as it is synonymous with humanity and does not differentiate a subset of people who are clearly managers. In order to improve the definition, it is necessary to specify the resources that an administrator uses.

Classically (according to Karl Marx) there are three main resources (inputs):

yeah Capital: the money to buy machinery and raw materials.

ii. Work: people who operate the machines.

iii. Land: Where resources such as coal, iron ore, and cotton can be mined or grown.

Modern theory has refined Marx's resource list.

Today we tend to think of resources as the four "Ms" of management:

I. markets

ii. produce goods and services

iii. men women

4. Money

Even when resources are specified, the definition of a manager as "someone who uses resources efficiently and effectively such that the end product is worth more than the initial resources" is still insufficient. It still includes many people. A person working alone gathering bales of firewood or an academic reading a book in a library would still qualify as a manager. Many people refer to leading other people as the defining characteristic of leadership.

Mary Parker Follett (1941) defines management as:

"Getting others to do things."

More recently, Stewart (1967) described a manager as:

"Someone who does things with the help of other people."

This emphasis on managing other people provides a good opportunity to differentiate between managers, associates (workers who work directly with raw materials or information, or directly provide personal services), and specialists (workers who use their skills and knowledge to make things possible for other people ) to distinguish ).

Specialists such as neurologists or financial analysts may have equal or higher status and salaries than managers. However, they do not become managers until they are responsible for the work of others, such as a clinical team or a group of junior investment analysts.

The simple definition of manager needs a final update. You must specify what "more value" means. Resources can be combined in a way that just makes employees happy, or they can be combined in a way that just makes managers happy. However, managers work within organizations, and the phrase "added value" means "added value" in relation to the goals of the organization.

When all these ideas are taken into account, management can be defined as:

"The activity of getting other people to transform resources in such a way that the results add value to the organization in terms of achieving its business goals."

Definition of Management - John F. Mee, R.C. Davis, EFL Brecht and Prof. A. Dasgupta (with different meanings of management)

John F. Mee defines management as the art of achieving maximum results with minimum effort in order to ensure maximum prosperity and satisfaction for employers and employees and to provide the best possible service to the public.

RC Davis defines management as a difficult role for leaders everywhere.

Mary Cushing Niles defines management as good management or scientific management that achieves a social goal with the best use of human and material energy and time and with satisfaction for the participants and the public.

EF L Brech says management cares about getting the job done; His attributions emphasize the planning and direction of the operations carried out at the company.

Prof. Dasgupta defines management as the creation and control of the technological and human environment of an organization in which the human capacities and capabilities of individuals and groups find full scope for their effective use in order to achieve the purpose for which a company was founded . established. Above. It intervenes in the relationships of the individual, the group, the organization and the environment.

Many authors have defined management in their own way of learning. Many definitions focus on getting people to do things through coordination, using the organization's resources to achieve the goal for which the organization was created.

Management is also viewed as a process related to the planning, execution and control of an organization's activities.

Different meanings of management:

The word management can refer to a learning field, an organized body of knowledge taught in universities and business schools.

Another way of thinking is the collective purpose of an organization's leadership group; For example, say, "The school board has declared vacation."

Management can also be viewed as a profession or career.

The word management can also refer to the description of a learning field: the new discipline of management. Today, management knowledge is taught at universities, colleges, institutions and professional associations. The status of management as a discipline will improve as more principles are developed, as more information or knowledge about management is organized and disseminated to interested parties, and as the process of managing becomes more systematic.

Management can also be understood in the collective sense of the management group of an organization; For example, let's say we hear or read that the management of organization XYZ is happy to sanction a two-month bonus... All with oversight responsibilities are included in this package.

In an organizational setting, management would include not only the top-level manager, but also department and division heads, first-line managers at the bottom of the management hierarchy, and any top-level managers they reach. the CEOs. In a business organization, non-managers are administrative, technical, and sales people.

Finally, the term management is now beginning to be used to distinguish a profession or career. Occupations in this sense are workers such as salespeople, typists, clerks, which are generally considered non-managerial. When an employee assumes a position of responsibility for the work of others, one can say that they have entered the managerial career. Some of these managers achieve the status of professional managers, which mainly indicates the knowledge, skills and attitudes that these individuals have acquired.

Therefore, management is a purposeful, goal-directed activity that is about achieving goals with and through the efforts of others. It's immaterial in the sense that it's a force, it's invisible. Its presence can be felt in the results obtained, such as: B. Increased productivity, employee collaboration, etc. One thing that needs to be made clear here is that an owner can be an admin, but an admin does not have to be an owner. The effectiveness of a manager (or management) depends on his knowledge and skills.

Definition of Management - George R. Terry, E.F.L. Brech, Stanley Vane, S. George, William Spriegel, Kimball and Kimball, Harold Konntz, and Peter F. Drucker

Unlike other subjects such as philosophy, psychology and economics, management is a relatively new subject. Management principles and techniques are still evolving, and management definitions given by different scholars emphasize different aspects of management.

Below are some important definitions of the term "management":

“Management is a distinct process that includes planning, organizing, executing and controlling performance to determine and achieve goals through the use ofPeople and Resources”—George R. Terry

"The management is intent on getting the job done, all tasks are focused on planning and controlling the operations to be carried out in the company." – EFL gap = gap

"Management is simply the process of making decisions and controlling people's actions, with the express purpose of achieving set goals." -Stanley Vane

“Management does things through other people. A manager is someone who achieves goals by directing the efforts of others. - Saint George

"Management is the function of an organization concerned with directing and controlling various activities in order to achieve business goals." – Wilhelm Spriegel

"Management includes all the duties and functions necessary for starting a business, financing it, setting important policies, providing all necessary equipment, delineating the general organizational form under which the business will operate, and the group of employees who... primarily control a company are relevantcalled management". —Kimbail and Kimball

“Management is the art of getting things done by and with people in formally organized groups. It is the art of creating an environment where people can act as individuals while collaborating to achieve group goals. It's the art of unleashing that power, a way to optimize efficiency to achieve goals." -Harold Kontz

The first definition of management is that it is an economic organ of industrial society. It means taking action to achieve the desired outcome. - Pedro. F. Printer

From these definitions, management means getting things done through other people, directing your efforts in an integrated and coordinated manner to achieve business goals. It is a process consisting of functions such as planning, organizing, executing and controlling business processes in order to achieve given goals. It also means securing the men, funds, materials and machinery needed to achieve the company's goals and putting them into operation and controlling their performance to ensure the productive use of the material resources.

It consists of resources and all organizational activities that involve setting and achieving goals, evaluating performance, and developing an operating philosophy that ensures the survival of the organization.

(i) "Determining the goals and mission of the organization,

(ii) To make the work productive and reach the worker,

(iii) Address social impacts and responsibilities.”

Of these three tasks, the second task takes precedence. The human resource of the organization is the real resource. This resource must be managed effectively to derive high productivity from it. Managers need to work with human elements inside and outside the organization. They must work together with all human elements to achieve the organization's goals.

Definition of management: proposed by Koontz and O'Donnell, Oliver Sheldon, Ordway Tead, Lawrence A. Appley, Louis Allen, and Henry Fayol

Koontz and O'Donnell: Management is the manager's job of creating and maintaining an internal environment in which people working in groups can work effectively and efficiently toward the achievement of group goals.

Oliver Sheldon - Good management is the function in the sector related to the execution of policy within the boundaries set by the administration and engagement in the organization with a specific goal.

Ordway Tead: Management is the process and agency that directs and directs the operations of an organization to achieve stated goals.

Lawrence A. Appley - Management is the development of people, not the direction of things. Leadership is leadership.

Louis Allen: Management is what management does.

Henry Fayol: To manage is "to anticipate and plan, organize, command, coordinate and control".

Critical analysis of selected definitions:

Definition by the famous authors Koontz and O'Donnel: In this definition, two main points are distinguished:

yeah It is the manager's responsibility to create and maintain a good working environment in an organization.

ii. To enable people to work effectively and efficiently in groups to achieve group goals.

The authors convey through this definition that it is the responsibility of the manager to create favorable working conditions in the organization; so that people who work are physically and mentally satisfied to work effectively and efficiently to achieve the group's goals. This definition takes into account the important aspect of human resource management.

In his definition of management, Lawrence Appley formulated the entire philosophy of modern management in a few calculated words. He stated that leadership is personal development. It means the development of human resources. In other words, the development of employee skills. We cannot use the term management for inanimate things (money, material, etc.).

So management is for people and not for things. It is natural for the reader to be confused that other management tasks such as material, finance, production, etc. are related to people. It must be understood that in all these procedures, human, material, financial, production, "HUMAN" is the main factor. Thus the term management stands for the management of personnel and not of inanimate things. So management is the administration of personnel.

Louis Allen defined all management activities in five words. Coverage of all management and operational functions of the manager.

He emphasized that management means what the manager does. Management is fundamentally an action-oriented process.

Administration Definition: Provided by Henry Fayol, Dr. FW Taylor, Peter Drucker, E.F.L. Breech, Joseph L. Massie, Lawrence Appley, and others

The term "administration" eludes a precise definition. No two definitions are identical. It has not yet been possible to encapsulate all the elements of management in a single unimpeachable formula. Although the field of management is becoming clearer, there is no universally accepted definition of management.

Because people of different professions try to define management according to their own disposition or orientation; Engineers see management as a matter of product design, accountants as a matter of facts and figures, chemists as a matter of formulas and compounds, and so on.

The different meanings and concepts of management are due to different perspectives of different people. Some see management "as a group of leaders", others define it as a function such as planning, organizing, controlling etc.; still others view management as an economic resource, and still others view management as a technique of leadership or as a means of coordination.

Management is so broad and multi-faceted that it is almost impossible to come up with a definition that accurately covers all aspects of management.

In fact, the term management can be interpreted in four different meanings:

(i) Management as a team or authority system

(ii) Management as a discipline

(iii) management as an economic resource and

(iv) Management as a process.

The exact definition of management raises some difficulties arising from the fact that management deals with people whose behavior is unpredictable. In addition, as a new concept and a concept under development, management naturally cannot be the subject of an exact definition. Management experts such as George R. Terry have observed, "Management is vast, and formulating a comprehensive definition of management presents certain difficulties."

Despite the difficulties, several definitions of management have been offered.

Henry Fayol, the famous French management expert, defined management in a way that gives us a better understanding of the nature of management.

Its definition is as follows:

To manage means to foresee and plan, organize, command, coordinate and control.

This functional definition of management gives us an idea of ​​what a manager should do.

The doctor. F. W. Taylor, the father of scientific management, defined management as the art of “knowing what you want to do” and then seeing to it that it is done “in the best and most economical way.” This definition is productivity-oriented and differs from the one offered by Fayol.

The concept of management as disconnected from the functional aspect did not appeal to many, including Peter Drucker, who echoed Fayol's definition, noting: “Management is an organ; Organs can only be described and defined by their functions. Taylor and Fayol defined management in a way that did not put much emphasis on the human aspect of management.

This aspect of management was later emphasized by several specialists, one of whom described management as personal administration, and management is the development of people and not the direction of things. It has even been observed that it is men who build and men who build products.

So management builds people, who in turn produce things. It is no exaggeration to say that in management the human aspect is more important; It is the motivating factor on which the success of a company depends.

There have been attempts to define management from the perspective of the process-based approach. Management is a social process. It implies responsibility for effective and inexpensive planning and regulation of the operation of an enterprise with a specific purpose in the task. E.F.L. Breech said, "It is the ubiquity of this human element that gives management its distinctive character as a social process."

Terry's definition of management as a self-contained process consisting of planning, organization, action and control, utilizing science and art, and pursued to achieve predetermined goals; It is very complete with the essential elements that management is a differentiated process and consists of planning, organization, execution and control. According to him, management uses both science and art and aims to achieve given goals.

Joseph L. Massie, a major management author, defined management as the process by which a cooperative group aligns actions toward common goals.

There are many definitions, but a long list of definitions will not make things clearer, it will only create confusion.

Therefore, some more definitions are given that have been widely accepted:

Lawrence Appley, past President of the American Management Association, has given a very acceptable definition: Management achieves results through the efforts of other people.

Harold Koontz defines management as the art of keeping track of things being done by and with informally organized groups.

Sir Charles Reynold, a British management expert, defined management as a process of getting things done through a community agency.

Currently, management has acquired trustee status. A professional manager must act like an administrator and not like a boss.

The above discussion clearly shows that many definitions of management have been offered, but the fact is that for management to be considered a science it must be used in only one sense and can be guaranteed to be so when the word does not mean both. state as a function.

Conclusion:

There is a discernible trend towards the professionalization of management, as illustrated by the example of the Tata Iron & Steel Company Ltd. Tata Management Service and some others that have already started in our country have accelerated the trend towards professionalization of management.

Management's differing interpretations are not in fact management's conflicting views; they're just different ways of looking at management from different perspectives. Management definitions, if analyzed carefully, will reveal a synthesis of different approaches and perspectives.

"Many CEOs and educators argue that the most important perspective for top leaders should be a generous education about life." The overall concept of management requires an understanding of the meaning of liberal education and its relationship to managerial functions. A liberal view is not simply the sum of a finite number of narrow-minded views. The focus is on the freedom to choose from a wide range of possibilities and to discover new possibilities. (Massie)

Definition of management: Henry Fayol, Sir Charles Reynold, Mary Cushing Niles, Koontz and O'Donnell, F.W. Taylor, P. Drucker, Mary Parker Follett, and others

"Administration" has different meanings depending on the context in which it is used. It is described as an 'activity', a 'process' and a 'group of people' endowed with decision-making powers. Why, it is also sometimes used in the sense of deception.

Some important definitions:

Henry Fayol: To manage is "to anticipate and plan, organize, command, coordinate and control".

Sir Charles Reynold – Stewardship is “the process of getting things done through a community agency. Governance is the direction of a community for the fulfillment of the purposes for which it exists.

Mary Cushing Niles - "Good management or 'scientific management' achieves a social end with the best use of human and material energy and time and to the satisfaction of participants and the public."

John F. Mee: Management is "the art of achieving maximum results with minimum effort, in order to ensure maximum prosperity for employers and employees and to render the best possible service to the community."

Koontz and O'Donnell: Management is the "creating and maintaining an internal environment in an organization in which people working in groups can act efficiently and effectively to achieve group goals." It is the art of working with and through people in a formally organized group.

Management has been defined in many ways by many thinkers.

Some of the important definitions are:

"Management is knowing exactly what men are supposed to do and making sure they do it in the best and cheapest way." — F. W. Taylor

"Management is a polyvalent body that directs an enterprise, directs a manager, and directs the workers and the work." — P. Drucker

"Management is the art of letting others do things." - Mary Parker Follett

"Management can be defined as the art of applying the economic principles underlying the control of people and materials in the enterprise concerned." — Kimball and Kimball

“Management is a kind of coordination activity between the whole social process and man, machine, material, money and method; so that the set goals can be achieved". —Prof. S.B. Srivastava

"Management is the achievement of predetermined goals, directing human performance along predetermined lines." – Apple L

"Management is primarily a task of planning, coordinating, motivating, and controlling other people's efforts toward specific goals." -James Landy

"Management is the allocation of human and material resources to dynamic organizational units that achieve their goals with the satisfaction of those they serve and with a high degree of morale and sense of accomplishment on the part of those delivering the service." — American Management Association

"Management is anticipation and planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling." —Henri Fayol

"Management is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the efforts of organizational members and the deployment of all other organizational resources to achieve specified organizational goals." – James A.F. Stoner.

This definition suggests:

yeah This management is an ongoing process.

ii. There are several interrelated activities that managers, regardless of their level, must undertake in order to achieve desired goals.

iii. That the manager must use the physical and human resources of the organization to achieve the goals.

4. This management aims to achieve organizational goals and ensure the effective use of resources.

“Management is defined as creating and maintaining an internal environment in an organization in which people, working together in groups, can act efficiently and effectively to achieve the group's goals.” – Koontz and O'Donnell.

From the above definitions it can be concluded that "Management is a social activity that implies the coordination between material and human resources through the functions of organization, planning, direction, staffing and control as such, in order to achieve the stated goals".

Here, in this definition, are the five parts of management as a social process:

yeah The first is resource coordination.

ii. The second is the exercise of leadership as a fundamental means of achieving coordination.

iii. The third is to establish the goals or purpose of the management process. Management activities must be absolutely goal-oriented.

4. The fourth aspect of management is a social process. It means how to get other people to do the work.

v. The last and fifth activity indicate a cyclical process, which is a continuous process representing the cycle of planning – control – replanning and so on.

Definition of management: proposed by F.W. Taylor, Harold Koontz, Harold Koontz, EFL Brech, R.C. Davis, TCM Bartol, and DC Martin

Management is at the heart of every entrepreneurial activity in today's dynamic business world. The complex structure that has been developed for business units today makes leadership by one person impossible. It's a multitude of people and “management” is the buzzword.

This broad participation of the people and the dissipation of their conscience led to the realization: "The Modern Age of Organization". The modern business environment carries out all human activities through organizations ranging from production of goods and services, organization of sports, events, political economy management, scientific research, events, political economy management, scientific research or transportation and communication systems.

The performance of all business areas also depends on their leadership. The essential roles played by the management of any organization include planning, organizing and integrating all of an organization's activities and resources to achieve preconceived and well-defined goals. These tasks are performed by well-trained managers.

These well-trained managers lead the organization to achieve the goals set by the board by mobilizing the necessary factors of production, coordinating activities and inspiring people. Therefore, “management” can be understood as the main driver of the performance and behavior of organizations. Managers, on the other hand, are the ones who bring dynamism to organizations through effective leadership.

Today, management has penetrated all areas of modern life, both commercial and non-commercial activities. Therefore, it plays an important role in the business world, mainly due to the dynamics that business structures bring.

meaning of management:

Various eminent scholars from around the world have defined management from their own perspective.

Some of the famous management definitions are listed below:

"Management is an art of knowing what to do and selling it in the best possible way."– F. W. Taylor

"Management is the art of getting things done by and with people in formally organized groups."-Harold Kontz See more

“Management is a social process that implies responsibility for the effective (or efficient) planning and regulation of a company's operations to fulfill a specific purpose or task. This responsibility includes (a) establishing and maintaining appropriate procedures to ensure compliance with plans and (b) directing, integrating and supervising the personnel that make up the Company and conduct its business.”- EFL breach

“Management is the function of the executive board. Management functions involve the work of planning, organizing, and controlling the activities of other people to achieve organizational goals.-RC Davis

"Management is the process of achieving organizational purpose through participation in the core functions of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling."– TC.M. Bartol und DC Martin

Based on the definitions discussed above, we can consider management as a process in its own right. Although management concepts, principles and techniques are still evolving. Considering that management has not yet developed as a discipline in its own right, there is a broad influence from other developed disciplines such as economics, sociology, anthropology, political science, statistics and mathematics, among others.

Consequently, no clear definition of management has been developed so far. While the experiences of these developed disciplines have contributed to a deeper development and understanding of management as a discipline. Management is understood in different contexts by different people.

Definition of management – ​​according to Peter F. Drucker

Management is a self-contained process of planning, organizing, acting and controlling that is carried out in order to establish and achieve set goals using people and other resources.

Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals working together in groups efficiently achieve selected goals. Management is defined as the process by which a cooperative group aligns actions towards common goals.

Every organization, at all levels, needs management, whether it is as small an organization as a family/temple or church, or larger organizations such as schools, colleges, universities, corporations, or even government. It is important for both for-profit and non-profit organizations. Trade unions and research organizations, hospitals and the military are also guided by leadership principles.

Peter F. Drucker famously explained the importance of management in today's context:

“Without an institution, there is no management. But without management there is no institution. Management is the specific organ of the modern institution. It is the organ on whose performance the efficiency and survival of the institution depends.

Given the discussion above, management can be viewed as a process in which human and non-human resources are integrated and directed towards organizational goals, be they benefits or services, through various managerial functions, i.e. H. Planning, organization, personnel, management and control.

Definition of Management: Proposed by Harold Koontz and F.W. cutter

In prehistoric times, when man lived mainly by gathering food from the natural flora and hunting, life was simple. Even back then, men hunted for food, women cooked and cared for children, and people chose a leader who could guide them in the hunt, preferring someone who could keep their hunting gear sharp and accurate.

At a very rudimentary level, this is specialization and division of labor. They managed the division of labor by planning, organizing, finding the right people for different jobs, and electing leaders who controlled the system through custom, practice, law, and the administration of justice.

According to Harold Koontz, “Management is the art of getting things done by and with people in formally organized groups. There is an art to creating an environment in which people can act and individuals can cooperate to achieve group goals.

According to F.W. Taylor, "Management is the art of knowing what to do, when to do it, and making sure it's done in the best and most economical way."

Based on Harold Koontz's definition, we can define management as "the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which people, working in groups, use resources efficiently, including technology and machines, and achieve stakeholders' goals effectively".

This definition brings out the following key management themes: it deals with people and other resources, it has goals for individuals, organizations, society and other stakeholders, and it involves creating an environment in which people and resources . This definition answers the "what, why and how" of management.

Management definition: Dr. James Lundy, Harold Koontz, Henry Fayol, J.N. Schulze and St. George

Management is a general term. It refers to the organization and direction of human activities to achieve a defined goal. It is a process through which all resources are organized and utilized to achieve maximum efficiency.

In the words of Dr. James Lundy, "is primarily a job of planning, coordinating, motivating, and controlling the efforts of other people to achieve specific goals."

In the management literature we find a large number of management definitions given by different scholars with different orientations.

Some of these definitions are listed below:

Harold Koontz: "Management is the art of getting things done through informally organized groups and with people."

Henry Fayol: "To manage means to foresee and plan, organize, command, coordinate and control."

J. N. Schulze: "Management is the force that leads, guides and directs an organization in order to achieve a given goal."

S. George – “Management is getting things done by other people. A manager is someone who achieves goals by directing the efforts of others.

Management has been defined in different ways, emphasizing different aspects of management.

Management, broadly speaking, can include:

(a) formulation of plans, policies and goals,

(b) secure men, material, machinery, money and methods for this service,

(c) put them all into operation,

(d) guiding and motivating men at work,

(e) monitoring and controlling its performance and

(f) Provide maximum satisfaction and service to employers, employees and the general public.

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